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1 ποτήριον
ποτήριον, ου, τό (dim. of ποτήρ [πίνω]; Alcaeus, Sappho, Hdt.+) a vessel used for drinking, cup (in Gk. lit. mostly for drinking of wine)ⓐ lit. Mt 23:25f; Mk 7:4, 8 v.l.; Lk 11:39. π. χρυσοῦν (ChronLind B, 42) Rv 17:4 (s. on πόρνη 2). W. gen. of its contents: π. ὕδατος Mk 9:41 (Just., D. 65, 3; 66, 4). π. ψυχροῦ a cup of cold water Mt 10:42 (on the ellipsis s. B-D-F §241, 7; Rob. 1202). Oft. in the language of the Eucharist λαβὼν ποτήριον Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23; cp. Lk 22:17, 20a; 1 Cor 11:25a; IPhld 4; D 9:2.—The cup stands, by metonymy, for what it contains (Pr 23:31) Lk 22:20b; 1 Cor 11:25b, 26 (τὸ ποτ. corresponds to τὸν ἄρτον).—ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου πίνειν vs. 28 (Alcaeus 34 D.2). τὸ ποτήριον τῆς εὐλογίας (JosAs 8:11; s. εὐλογία 3bβ) 1 Cor 10:16. W. gen. of the pers. who bestows the drink (τὸ) ποτήριον (τοῦ) κυρίου πίνειν vs. 21a; 11:27. Opp. ποτήριον δαιμονίων 10:21b (FDölger, D. Kelch der Dämonen: Ac IV 266–70).ⓑ fig. (in the OT ποτήριον is an expr. for destiny in both good and bad senses, for death in general TestAbr A 1 al. On the concept of drinking a cup of suffering cp. Is 51:17, 22; La 4:21; Ps 10:6; 74:9.—WLotz, D. Sinnbild des Bechers: NKZ 28, 1917, 396–407; F-JLeenhardt, Le Sacrement de la Sainte Cène ’48, 43–45) of undergoing a violent death; first of Christ himself τὸ ποτήριον ὸ̔ δέδωκέν μοι ὁ πατὴρ οὐ μὴ πίω αὐτό; shall I not drink the cup which the Father has given me? J 18:11. Cp. Mt 20:22; 26:39, 42 v.l.; Mk 10:38; 14:36 (Cranfield, ET 59, ’47/48, 137f; DDaube, A Prayer Pattern in Judaism, Studia Evangelica 73, ’59, 539–45); Lk 22:42. Of Peter’s martyrdom πίε τὸ ποτήριον … ἐν χειροῖν τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου drink the cup from the hands of the son, (who is) in Hades ApcPt Rainer 16–18 (on the quest. of the identity of the υἱός s. the comments by Ja. p. 274). The martyrdom of a Christian is corresp. described as a λαβεῖν μέρος ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ share in the cup of Christ MPol 14:2. Cp. Mt 20:23; Mk 10:39 (s. on these pass. ESchwartz, Über den Tod der Söhne Zebedaei: GGAbh. n.s. VII/5, 1904, NGG 1907, 266ff, ZNW 11, 1910, 89–104; FSpitta, ibid. 39–58; CBruston, RTQR 19, 1910, 338–44, RHPR 5, 1925, 69–71; VWeber, Der Katholik 92, 1912, 434–45; JBernard, ET 39, 1928, 456–58).—On τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ Rv 16:19 s. θυμός 1 and 2. On the pass. connected w. it, i.e. Rv 14:10; 18:6, s. κεράννυμι 1.—B. 348. DELG s.v. C 7. M-M. EDNT. TW.
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